THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


B.  0.  fc 

LAWYER 
DALLAS, 


NEOPHONOGRAPHY: 


A    METHOD    OF 


SHORT,    SWIFT,    SCIENTIFIC    AND    EASY 


ALPHABETIC   WRITING, 


JAMES     RICHARDSON. 


•'.,*•' 


NEW-YORK: 
HARROUN    &    BIERSTADT. 

1879. 


Copyright, 

HARROUN  &  BIERSTADT. 
1879. 


.. 


NEOPHONOGRAPHY. 


NEOPHONOGRAPHY  is  the  result  of  twenty  years  of 
experimental  study,  having  for  its  object  a  system  of 
short,  swift,  scientific  and  accurate  English  writing ;  a  system 
that  should  be  so  easy  to  learn  and  remember,  so  easy  to 
read,  and  so  easy  to  write,  that  it  would  have  some  reason- 
able chance  of  proving  an  acceptable  substitute  for  ordinary 
long-hand. 

One    serious    difficulty    connected    with    the    self-imposed 
task  arose   from  the    circumstance,  that  the    inventor's  appre- 
r  ciation  of  what  a  perfect  writing    system    should    be,  became 
**  more  and  more  exacting  with  every  advance    toward  a  satis- 
^  factory    solution    of  the    problem.      It  long  ago    ceased    to  be 
5  a   question    how  to    do    better  what    had    already    been    done 
2  tolerably  well  ;  how  to  meet  all  the    requirements  of  a  prac- 
tically perfect   system    of    English    writing  was    the    only  end 
that  could  permanently  satisfy. 

!*  True,     no    system    of     writing    hitherto    published    ever 

*»  attempted  to  meet    these   requirements,   or  even    the    majority 

j|  of  them  ;    true    also    that    from    the    nature    of    things    it    is 

impossible  to    meet   them    all    absolutely,  the    best   of  human 

contrivances    falling  short  of   ideal    perfection ;  yet  it  was    felt 

u    that    not    one    of   the    requirements  to  be    laid    down    directly 

f  could  be  safely  neglected,  and  that  nothing  short  of  a  closely 
approximate  satisfaction  of  each  and  all  of  them  could  hope 
to  work  the  needed  revolution  in  popular  methods  of  writ- 
ing. The  conditions  referred  to  are  these :  the  writing  ought 
to  be — 

i.     Alphabetic:    the  alphabet  to  furnish  a  complete    and 
sufficient  key  to  the  writing,   every  sound  being  expressed. 


2  Neophonography. 

2.  Phonetic :  each  vocal  element  to  have  one,  and  only 
one,  distinct   sign,    absolute  in  value ;    and    no    sign    to   have 
more  than  one  value. 

3.  Cursive :    all  the   sounds  of  every  word    to    be    writ- 
ten   connectedly  in    the    order   of  speech,   if  possible   without 
raising  the  pen. 

4.  Simple  :  each  character  to  require  but  a  single  impulse 
of  the  pen    to    make,  and  no   change  in  the    direction  of  the 
stroke  in  making  it. 

5.  Straightforward  :  the  writing  to  flow  freely    and    dis- 
tinctly   from    left    to    right,  each    sentence    having  a  distinctly 
horizontal  trend. 

6.  Compact  :    the    writing    to    occupy    the    least    space 
consistent  with  easy  writing,  uniform  legibility,  and  the  com- 
plete expression  of  all  the  sounds. 

7.  Labor-saving :  the  writing  to  be  much   shorter,    sim- 
pler, more  rapid  and  less  fatiguing  than  ordinary  long-hand. 

8.  Flexible :  that  flowing   and    graceful  word-forms  may 
be  easily  secured,  and  awkward    combinations   avoided,  with- 
out any  abridgment  of  the  writing. 

9.  Distinct :  the  written  words  to  differ  in  form,  not  less 
than  the  spoken  words  do  in  sound,  and,  generally,  to  differ 
proportionally  to  the  difference  in  sound. 

10.  Physiological:    the  sounds  to  be  grouped    according 
to    their  organic    relations,  and    the    signs  to  be    classified    to 
correspond. 

In  addition  to  these   imperative  conditions  it  is   desirable 
that — 

11.  Character  value    should   be  independent   of  position 
as  regards  the  line  of  writing. 

12.  Character  value   should  be    independent   also  of  the 
order  in  which  the  signs  are  written. 

13.  The  characters   should  be  so  grouped  and  classified 
with    relation    to    the  sounds    they  represent  as  to    reduce  to 
the    minimum    the    risk  of  illegibility  from    blurred    or  badly 
written  word-forms. 

14.  The    consonant    elements    should    not   only  be  most 
prominent    in    the  writing,    but    should    chiefly    determine    its 
character  and  aspect. 

15.  The    alphabet    should    furnish    a    good    basis   for   a 


NeophonograpJiy.  3 

system  of  stenography ;  yet  stenographic  hooks,  crooks,  arbi- 
trary signs  and  contracted  words,  should  form  no  necessary 
part  of  the  writing. 

The  accompanying  pages  of  writing,  photographically 
copied  from  the  author's  ordinary  manuscript,  will  suffice 
to  demonstrate  that  the  alphabet  here  presented,  without 
abbreviation  or  change,  meets,  with  at  the  worst  close 
approximation,  each  and  all  of  these  exacting  requirements. 
It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  however,  that  it  is  as  a  system 
of  unabbreviated  writing,  and  not  as  a  system  of  stenography, 
that  Neophonography  presents  itself  for  popular  consideration. 
In  no  part  of  his  undertaking  has  the  author  had  in  mind 
the  needs  of  professional  reporters,  or  those  who  want  to 
prepare  themselves  immediately  for  that  calling.  To  what 
extent  Neophonography  can  be  made  serviceable  to  profes- 
sional stenographers,  for  whose  work  speech  must  be  sug- 
gested rather  than  written, — it  being  physically  impossible 
for  the  fleetest  hand  to  trace  as  many  marks  as  even  a  slow 
speaker  can  utter  distinct  sounds, — must  be  left  for  the  future 
to  determine.  Thus  far  the  author  has  aimed  rather  to  meet 
the  wants  of  the  vast  majority  of  writers,  who  wish  to  write 
words,  not  hint  at  them ;  and  who  want  to  spare  themselves, 
if  possible,  a  large  part  of  the  drudgery  which  writing  now 
imposes.  Those  who  have  tried  it  say  that  Neophonography 
bears  the  test  of  every-day  use  admirably ;  that  it  is  ex- 
tremely easy  to  read  and  to  write,  and  taxes  the  memory  very 
much  less  than  any  other  system  they  have  tried.  Whether 
it  will  impress  all  students  as  favorably  remains  to  be  seen. 

In  this  little  book  no  attempt  is  made  to  teach  phonetics, 
for  the  sufficient  reason  that  such  training  is  pretty  generally 
furnished  by  our  public  schools ;  while  those  who  lack  it  can 
find  in  almost  any  school-reader,  or  in  the  publications  of 
the  Spelling  Reform  Association,  the  information  they  need, — 
so  far  as  it  is  possible  to  gain  it  without  the  aid  of  a  teacher's 
voice.  Assuming  that  the  learner  is  not  unfamiliar  with  the 
phonic  elements  of  English  speech,  he  has  only  to  master  the 
alphabet  of  Neophonography — the  work  of  a  few  hours — 
and  then  use  it.  Readiness  and  skill  in  analyzing  words,  and 
in  choosing  the  characters  calculated  to  give,  distinct  and 
fluent  word-forms,  will  come,  as  skill  in  tracing  graceful  and 


4  Neophonograpliy. 

accurate  characters  must,  by  continued  painstaking  practice. 
By  the  time  the  student  has  read  and  copied  the  illustrative 
pages  of  writing  herewith,  until  he  can  do  both  freely  and 
well,  he  ought  to  be  able  to  express  any  new  word  promptly 
and  correctly,  though  not  necessarily  in  the  best  possible  way. 

In  studying  the  alphabet  of  Neophonography,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  keep  constantly  in  mind  the  fact  that  the  new 
characters  are  not  new  signs  for  old  letters.  They  stand  for 
sounds,  each  having  a  distinct  and  unvarying  value..  And  in 
reading,  the  signs  must  always  be  sounded,  never  named. 
For  example,  the  sign  " — "  is  not  /,  pe,  pay,  nor  anything 
of  the  sort.  It  stands  always  for  the  little  puff  of  breath 
which  the  letter  /  usually  but  not  invariably  represents.  It 
should  be  associated  in  the  mind  with  its  sound,  not  with  p. 
If  it  must  be  spoken  of,  sound  it  without  any  vowel  accom- 
paniment, or  describe  it  as  a  horizontal  light  long  dash. 
This  practice  of  disassociating  as  far  as  possible  the  signs  of 
Neophonography  and  Roman  letters,  or  their  common  names, 
is  necessary  for  the  easy  avoidance  of  confusion  and  error. 
Above  all  things  letter-naming  in  the  guise  of  oral  spelling 
should  be  studiously  avoided.  It  is  the  sounds  of  words,  not 
their  "  ess-pe-e-double-ell-i-en-gee,"  that  the  writer  of  Neo- 
phonography has  to  deal  with. 

With  a  single  exception  the  elements  of  Neophonography 
are  simple  strokes  of  three  forms,  in  three  sizes,  bearing 
three  relations  to  the  line  of  writing.  The  three  forms  are 
the  dash,  the  curve,  and  the  wave.  The  three  sizes  are 
short  for  vowel  sounds,  medium  for  intermediates,  and  long 
for  consonants.  The  three  directions  are  horizontal  for  sounds 
made  in  the  fore  part  of  the  mouth  ;  oblique  for  middle- 
mouth  sounds ;  and  perpendicular  for  sounds  made  further 
back  in  the  throat.  The  'three  nasals  (m,  n,  and  ng) 
are  denoted  by  loops,  the  stems  of  which  show  the 
organic  relations  of  the  respective  sounds  which  they  repre- 
sent. 

As  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  alphabet,  similar 
sounds  are  in  all  cases  denoted  by  similar  signs ;  while 
sounds  of  the  same  quality,  but  of  unequal  stress,  are  repre- 
sented by  light  and  heavy  strokes  of  the  same  form.  The 
advantage  of  the  elaborate  classification  of  sounds  and  signs 


Neopkonography  5 

thus  indicated  is  two-fold  :  it  greatly  facilitates  the  mastery 
of  the  alphabet,  and  it  reduces  to  the  minimum  the  risk  of 
illegibility  when  the  writing  is  badly  done.  Incidentally,  too, 
it  helps  to  secure  the  directness  and  fluency  which  charac- 
terize this  ^  style  of  writing.  The  device  of  making  the  value 
of  signs  independent  of  the  manner  in  which  they  are  struck, 
and  the  assignment  of  the  oblique  signs  to  the  most  fre- 
quently recur.ring  sounds,  unite  to  increase  the  distinctness 
and  straightforwardness  of  the  writing.  For  example,  in 
phonography,  the  horizontal  light  curve  has  two  values ;  it 
is  ;//  when  it  is  convex  above,  and  n  when  it  is  convex 
below.  Similarly  the  oblique  light  curve  is,  according  to  the 
direction  of  the  stroke,  f  or  r  or  /  or  sh.  In  Neophonog- 
raphy,  on  the  contrary,  each  element  has  one  and  only  one 
value,  no  matter  how  it  is  written.  The  oblique  light  curve, 
for  instance,  may  be  struck  in  six  different  ways, —  two  from 
left  to  right  down,  two  from  left  to  right  up,  and  twb  from 
right  to  left  down, — yet  it  is  always  the  same  character,  and 
always  represents  the  same  sound,  the  hissing  sound  of  s ; 
and  that  sound  is  represented  by  no  other  sign.  The  advan- 
tage gained  by  this  oneness  of  value  and  freedom  of  stroke 
is  enormous :  the  mind  is  not  taxed,  as  in  other  systems,  to  re- 
member and  discriminate  between  the  several  values  of  the  differ- 
ent phases  of  the  same  forms ;  and  with  the  freedom  of  stroke 
and  curve  allowed  the  hand  is  enabled  to  avoid  easily  the 
awkward  and  unwritable  combinations  characteristic  of  other 
short-hand  systems.  It  is  also  easy  to  keep  the  writing 
distinctly  horizontal  in  its  general  trend  without  resorting  to 
the  frequent  contractions  and  other  stenographic  devices 
made  necessary  in  other  brief  writing  systems  by  their 
rigid  and  uncompromising  symbols. 

To  those  mistrained  in  systems  allowing  no  deviation 
from  authoritative  forms  the  flexibility  of  Neophonography 
seems  at  first  sight  to  be  a  serious  objection ;  but  after  a 
little  practical  familiarity  with  the  writing  this  feature  is 
seen  to  be  one  of  its  chief  virtues.  It  is  true  that  many 
writers  will  shape  many  words  differently ;  but  what  of  that  ? 
This  is  a  method  of  alphabetic  writing,  not  a  system  of 
hieroglyphics ;  and  to"  one  who  knows  the  alphabet  thoroughly 
one  form  of  a  word  is  as  legible  as  another.  The  natural 


6  Neophonography. 

tendency  of  practice  will  be  to  make  habitual  the  most 
legible  and  easily  written  forms ;  but  this  is  a  matter  of 
convenience,  not  of  necessity.  To  insist  on  all  men  writing 
alike  would  necessitate  the  memorizing  of  ten  or  twenty 
thousand  arbitrary  forms,  the  fatal  objection  to  all  other 
short-hand  systems,  so  far  as  their  adaptability  to  every-day 
uses  is  concerned.  With  them  the  alphabet  is  but  the 
beginning  of  chirographic  troubles ;  with.  Neophonography  it 
is  the  end  of  them.  Its  alphabet  is  the  soul  and  body  of 
the  system  in  one,  and  the  student  has  only  to  master  that 
to  be  able  to  read  and  write  correctly.  To  write  skillfully 
involves  manual  dexterity,  which  will  come  only  through 
painstaking  practice,  more  or  less  prolonged  according  to  the 
natural  capacity  of  the  learner. 

The  best  way  to  study  Neophonography  is  pen  in  hand, 
tracing  the  words  as  the  sounds  are  uttered.  At  first  it  may 
be  well  to  go  over  and  over  the  written  pages,  tracing  the 
forms  without  ink,  a  smooth  point  of  quill  or  whale-bone 
being  used  instead  of  a  pen.  Two  styles  of  writing  are 
possible  with  Neophonography  ;  one  with  the  pen  held  in  the 
usual  way  for  long- hand,  the  heavy  obliques  being  struck  for 
the  most  part  from  right  to  left  down ;  the  other  with  the  pen 
held  reporter's  fashion  between  the  first  and  second  fingers, 
striking  the  heavy  obliques  from  left  to  right.  The  former 
style  is  the  more  compact,  but  much  more  fatiguing  to  write, 
the  drawing  stroke  being  better  adapted  to  the  general  struct- 
ure of  the  writing.  If  at  the  outset  the  pen  is  held  between 
the  fingers,  the  hand  lying  on  its  side,  the  knack  of  writing 
so  will  soon  be  acquired,  much  to  the  writer's  advantage, 
both  in  steadiness  of  stroke  and  ease  of  writing.  Do  not  be 
in  a  hurry  to  write  fast ;  the  first  requisite  is  not  speed  but 
accuracy.  And  do  not  ever  expect  to  "  write  over  a  hun- 
dred words  a  minute ;  "  that  is  not  possible  with  any  method, 
though  experts  can  hint  at  twice  that  number  by  means  of 
almost  any  stenographic  system.  To  write  fully  even  fifty 
words  a  minute  is  a  severe  tax  upon  the  hand,  if  the  work 
is  long  kept  up.  English  speech  will  average  five  distinct 
sounds  to  the  word ;  so  that  with  the  simplest  alphabet 
possible,  the  writing  of  fifty  words  involves  the  making  of 
at  least  two  hundred  and  fifty  distinct  marks.  Try  the 


XcopIionograpJiy.  7 

experiment  of  making  two  hundred  and  fifty  pre-determined 
pen-strokes  a  minute  for  five  minutes,  and  then  you  will  be 
able  to  form  some  reasonable  estimate  of  the  pen-speed 
involved  in  writing  fifty  or  more  words  a  minute,  and  the 
probable  time  it  will  take  you  to  accomplish  it.  If  the  reader 
is  ambitious  to  become  a  reporter  off  hand,  he  is  respectfully 
advised  to  direct  his  attention  to  some  one  of  the  many 
popular  stenographic  systems  already  practically  developed : 
Neophonography  is  not  intended  for  such  uses.  Those  who 
are  accustomed  to  stenographic  writing  will  no  doubt  think 
it  needless  labor  to  spell  in  full  the  frequently  recurring 
words  the,  of,  and,  or,  it,  and  so  on ;  and  so  it  may  be — 
to  experienced  writers.  By  using  simple  signs  for  about  a 
hundred  such  words  the  writing  may  be  abbreviated  very 
materially,  perhaps  25  per  cent.;  yet  not  until  the  writing  is 
completely  mastered,  and  then  only  when  speed  is  of  more 
importance  than  certain  and  easy  legibility,  is  the  adoption 
of  such  stenographic  devices  to  be  recommended.  For  all 
practical  purposes  it  is  quite  enough  to  save  even  half  the 
time  and  labor  involved  in  long-hand  writing,  .and  Neopho- 
nography can  do  much  more  than  that.  The  illustrative 
pages  herewith  were  written  at  least  four  times  as  fast  as  the 
writer's  rapid  long-hand. 


KEY-WORDS   FOR   PHONETIC   PRACTICE. 

P Pea,  Pay,  Paw,  Ape,  Up,  Ope,  Pip,  Peep,  Pope,  Papa,  Poppy,  Puppy. 

B Be,  By,  Bay,  Boy,  Abe,  Abbey,  Bib,  Bob,  Bub,  Babe,  Babble,  Bible. 

F Fee,  Fie,  Fit,  If,  Off,  Offer,  Fife,  Fifcr,  Five,  Few,  Puff,  Buff,  Beef. 

V Vie,  Vice,   Vase,  Van,  Vat,  Vex,  Voice,  Ere,  Of,  Lire,  Lore,  Vivid. 

TH  . .  Oath,  Both,  Bath,  Doth,  Cloth,  Thin,  Thigh,  Think,  Thank,  Three. 
TH  . .  The,  Thy,  This,  That,  These,  Those,   Thine,   Than,    With,  Bathe. 

T Tea,  Toe,  To,  Tow,  Two,  Ate,  Oat,  Eat,  Tip,  Top,  Tape,  Toy,  Tin. 

D Do,  Did,  Odd,  Add,  Aid,  Deep,  Deaf,  Dore,  Dig,  Dog,  Daub,  Doff. 

S  . . . .  See,  Say,  Saw,  Sow,  Sis,  Sip,  Sop,  Seed,  Sad,  Sowed,  Soap,  Soup. 


8        •  Neophonography. 

Z Zeal,  Zone,  Daze,  Days,  Does,  Is,  Was,  Has,  Nose,  Knows,  Eyes. 

SH . . .  Show,  Shall,  Shop,  Ash,  Wash,  Sure,  Dish,  Fish,  Wish,  Chaise. 
ZH  . .  Azure,  Measure,  Vision,  Persian,  Glazier,  Crosier,  Pleasure,  Treasure. 
K . . . .  Kick,  Kite,  Kin,  Can,  Cat,  Cap,  Cave,  Calf,  Cow,  Pick,  Pack,  Act. 
G . . . .  Go,  Give,  Gave,  Get,  Gab,  Egg,  Gas,  Big,  -Bag,  Fig,  Fog,  Dig,  Dug. 
CH  . .  Chip,  Chap,  Chop,  Each,  Such,  Much,  Touch,  Cheap,  Church,  Which. 
J  -  -  -  .Jet,  Jib,  Gem,  Age,  John,  Jane,  George,  Gig,  Jug,  Midge,  Drudge. 
M  ...  Me,  May,  My,  Mow,  Aim,  Am,  Met,  Might,  More,  Some,  Same,  Dim. 

N No,  Not,   On,  In,  Now,  Nor,  Gnat,  Knab,  Night,  Knife,  Knight. 

NG  ..Sing,  Thing,  Bring,  Long,  Tongue,  Fling,  Cling,  Among,  Think. 
W  . . .  We,  Way,  Wait,  Was,  Went,  With,  Were,  Wore,  Worth,  Word,  Wife. 
Y ....  Ye,  Yet,  Year,  Yes,  Yore,  Beyond,  Young,  Yonder,  Yam,  Yearn,  Yea. 
WH . .  Why,  What,  When,  Whip,  Where,  Whether,  Whither,  Wharf,  Whence. 

R -Ray,  Row,  Rye,  Right,  Write,  Wring,  Reef,  Wreath,  Rose,  Wrote. 

L  . . .  .Lay,  Low,  Let,  Leave,  Love,  Live,  Life,  Loaf,  III,  Eel,  Ail,  Elm. 
H . . .  .He,Hoe,  Who, Hat,Hut,Him, Hymn,  Whom, Home, Hop, Hope,  Whoop. 
OO  . .  Good,  Cook,  Stood,  Could,  Cuckoo,  Bull,  Full,  Fully,  Foot,  Soot,  Put. 

00  ..Noon, Room,  Tooth,. Hoot, Move, Lose, Prove,  Croup,  Through,  Two. 

1  . . .  .It,    Which,  Myth,  Him,  Hymn,  Cynic,  Gypsy,  Six,  Picnic,  Niche. 
E . . .  -  Eve,  Ear,  Mere,  Piece,  Yield,  Conceit,  Relief,  Priest,  People,  Thee. 
U  . .  .  Pure,  Ttibe,  Cube,  View,  Dupe,  Due,  New,  True,  Few,  Ewe,  Deuce. 
IT  . . .  Use,  You,  Your,  Value,  Unit,  Union,  Tribune,  Statue,  Exude,  Volume. 
A ....  At,  As,  And,  Have,  Acid,  Act,  Anvil,  After,  Accent,  Patent,  Answer. 
A. ...  Ware,  Pair,  Bear,  Hair,  Where,  There,  Air,  Tear,  Care,  Prayer. 
fi  . . .  Yes,    Yet,  Egg,  Bell,  Bury,  Ready,  Heifer,  Measure,  Echo,  Again. 
A  —  .  Made,  Gate,  Paste,  Chain,  IVhey,  Day,  Daisy,  Rein,  Wait,  Skein. 
A ....  Ask,  Past,  Grass,  Gasp,  Cask,  Basket,  Dance,  Waft,  Grant,  Glance. 
A  —  .  Palm,  Salve,  Father,  Saunter,  Jaunt,  Farther,  Marble,  Varnish,  Are. 
()....  On,  Oft,  Top,  Hop,  What,  Wad,  Wand,  Spot,  Not,  Squash,  Wanton. 
A —  .All,  Awl,  Also,  Salt,  Haul,  Cause,  Corn,  For,  Fork,  Sort,  North. 
U  . . .  Up,  Doth,  Puff,  Son,  Dove,  Chum,  Cup,  Shove,  Oven,  Come,  Drum. 
\j  . .  .Burn,  Spur,  Curl,  Fern,  Earth,  Verb,  Myrrh,  Sir,  Her,  Bird,  Birth. 
()....  Open,   Oval,  Over,  Arrow,  Willow,  Meadow,  Fellow,  Both,  Loaf. 
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Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


Form  L9-25?n-9,'47(A5618)444 


UNIVERSITY  of  CALIFORNIA 

AT 


A     000  573  628     5 


